An Unbiased View of 癌症

Qualified therapy is a kind of chemotherapy that targets specific molecular distinctions amongst cancer and typical cells. The very first targeted therapies blocked the estrogen receptor molecule, inhibiting the growth of breast cancer. One more widespread case in point is The category of Bcr-Abl inhibitors, which can be applied to treat Continual myelogenous leukemia (CML).

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用于明确肿瘤性质、类型、分期等信息,可用细针抽吸术、穿刺术或切除活检术、前哨淋巴结活检术等获取标本。

体重减轻。癌症和癌症治疗可能导致体重减轻。癌症肿瘤会夺取正常细胞的营养。这通常不受摄入多少卡路里或吃哪类食物的影响,而且难以治疗。在大多数情况下,通过管子将人工营养输入胃或静脉中并不能帮助改变体重减轻的状况。

相較於遺傳性的基因缺陷,生活方式對於癌症的發生並沒有決定性的影響,這是很重要的一個觀念,現今所謂的危險因子,雖然都是經過流行病學的嚴謹分析而得出的結論,但是科學的結論必須要在嚴格的條件控制之下才會成立。雖然抽菸的確會提高罹患肺癌的機率,但直到目前為止,醫學上仍舊無法精確的定義出抽菸的量,或是幾歲開始抽,一定會引起肺癌。每個人在基因上的不同,使得每個人對不同物質的反應都不相同。所以並沒有所謂絕對健康的生活方式,坊間許多生機飲食和眾多號稱防癌的健康食品,所能得到的效果並不大。不需要杞人憂天的飲食及生活,即使是癌症病患,只要保持正常生活,適當補充養分即可。但是有些高危險因子是所有人都應該要小心避免的,例如抽菸、喝酒、進食快餐和嚼檳榔等。

虽然医生知道哪些因素会增加患癌风险,但大多数癌症会发生于没有任何已知导致癌症的风险因素的人身上。可导致癌症风险增加的已知因素包括:

Chemotherapy may be the remedy of cancer with a number of cytotoxic anti-neoplastic medication (chemotherapeutic agents) as part of a standardized regimen. The expression encompasses a range of medicine, which might be divided into broad types for instance alkylating agents and antimetabolites.

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惡性轉移的症狀:淋巴結腫大、咳嗽、咳血、肝腫大、骨頭疼痛、骨骼因腫瘤轉移影響發生骨折以及神經系統的症狀。雖然癌症末期會出現疼痛的現象,但疼痛往往並不是惡性轉移發生的症狀。

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[238] Individuals from Asian and South American nations also are likely to prefer a slower, significantly less candid approach to disclosure than is idealized in The us and Western Europe, and so they believe that at times It might be preferable not to be told about a most cancers prognosis.[238] On the whole, disclosure in the prognosis is more typical than it was in the twentieth century, but entire disclosure on the prognosis is just 癌症 not presented to lots of individuals around the globe.[238]

免疫細胞療法是最近這幾年開發的最新技術,原理是直接將大量未分化的樹狀細胞投入腫瘤中或腫瘤周邊的血管中,能迅速且大量的強化樹狀細胞辨識特定癌細胞的能力,使樹狀細胞可在短時間內幫助輔助型T細胞(helper T mobile)快速誘導出大量細胞毒殺性T淋巴球(CTL),以攻擊特定癌細胞。目前此項研究已在日本進入臨床試驗階段。

癌症的临床症状与发病部位、病变大小、是否转移等因素相关,早期可能无显著症状,随病变进展,可出现肿块、疼痛、出血、梗阻等局部症状,以及发热、乏力、贫血、消瘦等全身症状。

主要原理是使用高專一性的單株抗體直接結合到腫瘤細胞特有的蛋白質或是細胞激素,影響腫瘤細胞的生長、引起免疫系統反應或是其他功能。已經發展的藥物有針對乳癌的曲妥珠单抗和針對白血病的吉妥单抗在臨床使用。

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